A

  • ADHESIVE BINDING: A binding method which uses flexible adhesive, spread by means of rollers to one or more surfaces, for the purpose of bonding two materials together, such as paper and board. See PUR. A more advanced binding technique is known as CLEAT SEWN.

  • ADVANCE READER COPY: Prepublication version of a book which lacks final COPYEDITING.

B

  • BACK LINING: A paper or fabric strip used to reinforce the spine of a case bound book after rounding and backing. It provides a means for a firm connection between book and case. Headbands, if used, are attached to the paper or cloth.

  • BAR CODE: Most retailers and all WHOLESALERS require that back covers of books carry a bar code for the ISBN in a prescribed size and color, usually black on white.

  • BINDING: Trimming and fastening printed sheets together into books with adhesives, sewing, or other means to enclose them in a cover and spine of a book. See CASEBOUND.

  • BISON LEATHER: A very flexible, plush, semigloss material with a beautiful natural grain and a wonderful feel that is unlike other leather. Bison Leather is known for long wearing.

  • BONDED LEATHER: Made with ground up genuine leather along with additives and pressed out in different colors and textures. Has the look, feel, and smell of actual skins with a uniform look which removes the scars and natural flaws at a lower cost than fully genuine leather. 

  • BOOK BLOCK: The pages of a book after they have been printed, folded, and gathered, but before the cover is attached. With SHEET-FED digital presses, the book block is a stack of single pages. With OFFSET presses, either SHEET-FED or WEB, the block is a stack of partial or full SIGNATURES.

  • BOOK CLOTH: Cotton cloth, sized, glazed or impregnated with synthetic resins, used for book covers; comes in different weights and weaves. The quality of the cloth is determined by the number of threads per inch and the tensile strength of the threads.

  • BOOK PAPER: A general term for papers most suitable for book manufacture.

  • BUCKRAM: Poly-cotton book cloth material with heavy grain, and a washable surface, which makes it very durable. Buckram is the most common material used by professional libraries and is sometimes referred to as F-Grade or Roxite.

C

  • CALFSKIN: A durable leather traditionally used for bookbinding, it is valued for its softness, fine grain, and durability.

  • CASE BINDING: Binding in which the cover is made separately and consists of rigid or flexible boards covered with cloth, flexible, or various leathers in such a manner that the covering material surrounds the outside and edges of the board. Covers always project beyond the edges of the text pages. See YAPP.

  • CLEAT SEWN BINDING: Cleat sewing has proven its worth to the bookbinding industry over several decades. The sewing process begins by making a series of angled saw cuts (each pair of cuts known as a cleat) three millimeters deep in the book block. Each cleat is then sewn individually by a needle working from side to side in the form of a figure 8 between each saw cut of the cleat. The thread passes through glue as it is sewing which helps to hold the pages in place until the main gluing process, which happens after the book is completely sewn. The spine is then completely glued, and the book is placed on its front edge so that gravity takes the glue to the bottom of the saw cuts, sealing in the thread. The benefit of this style of sewing is that it only takes in three millimeters of the spine and is flexible, which allows the book to open reasonably flat, while still providing a very strong spine.

  • CLOTH: Woven fabric, finished in various ways; used with binder boards to make cases.

  • COATING: (1) New digital presses include coating as one step of the printing process. This protects the ink and reduces scuffing and fingerprinting. (2) Because digital toners are not always compatible with coatings, digitally printed book covers are LAMINATED, in which the coatings can be GLOSSY or MATTE.

  • COLUMN: Text arranged in a vertical segment, usually narrower than the width of the page. The space between columns is called a DITCH. See DOUBLE COLUMN.

  • COPYEDITING: Copyeditors are responsible for style (for example, which abbreviations are used, how numbers are referred to, and which words are hyphenated), for consistency throughout a manuscript, and for some fact-checking. They also correct syntax, spelling, and punctuation.

  • COPYRIGHT: The exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, sell, or distribute the matter and form of something such as a literary, musical, or artistic work as authorized by the United States Constitution, securing for the publisher, the exclusive rights to their work. The extent of copyright protection and the enforcement of it differ among countries. Book FRONT MATTER include a copyright notice with the copyright symbol or the word Copyright, the year of first publication, and the name of the copyright holder.

  • CORD-REINFORCED BINDING: 7 saw cuts three millimeters deep are made in the book block. Each cord is then glued to the book block to hold the pages while the book block is place on the front edge so that gravity takes the glue to the bottom of the saw cuts, sealing the cord. The benefit of this style of reinforcement is that it only takes in three millimeters of the spine and is flexible, which allows the book to open reasonably flat, while still providing a strong spine.

  • COWHIDE: A durable leather traditionally used for bookbinding, and is available for the Refreshed ASV in Morroco, Skiver, and Antique finishes, and a variety of colors.

D

  • DIGITAL PRINTING: Printing by plateless imaging systems in which the file is sent directly to a press and bypasses plating.

  • DISTRIBUTIVE PRINTING: The process of sending a file for a book to have it printed as close to customers as possible. With DIGITAL PRINTING, we can have editions available from our worldwide RETAIL partners at significant savings in time and freight cost. Our global distribution network spans the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, China, India, Russia, South Korea, and Brazil.

  • DITCH: The space between columns of type on a DOUBLE COLUMN page.

  • DOUBLE COLUMN: Pages which consist of two vertical columns rather than type extending across the entire page.

  • DROP CAP: An oversized initial numeric used at the beginning of each chapter, the height of two lines of type.

  • DROP SHIPMENT: To ship an order to one address and bill the charges to another.

E

  • E-BOOK: A book published in DIGITAL form and accessible via a PC, Mac, Kindle, Nook, iPad, iPhone, smartphone, tablet, or other handheld device. EPUB and Mobi are two of the most common formats for e-books. EPUB is open industry standard format administered by the W3C and supported by Apple’s iBooks, Barnes & Noble’s Nook, and most other e-Readers. Mobi is proprietary to Amazon and accessible via a Kindle device or the cross-platform Kindle app. The first commonly used cross-platform format was PDF, still commonly used for desktop reference which can also be easily printed.

  • EPUB: A generic term broader than e-book that also describes digital publications. EPUB is open industry standard format supported by Apple’s iBooks, Barnes & Noble’s Nook, and most other e-Readers. EPUB is the standard for representing, packaging, and encoding structured and semantically enhanced web content for distribution in a single-file format.

  • E-READER: A handheld digital device, e.g. Kindle, iPad, or Nook, onto which electronic publications can be downloaded. Most e-readers require reformatting of text originally prepared for print.

  • EDGE LINER: The leather material sewn down on the backbone of a book, which reinforces the glue and helps holds the pages together.

  • EDGE STAINING: Coloring the outside edges of the BOOK BLOCK, and is accomplished by leather artisans using a soft cotton cloth with dye.

  • EDITION: The PDF, EPUB, E-BOOK, STANDARD PRINT, or LARGE PRINT formats which are optimized for a variety of uses cases and require a unique ISBN when offered for sale from WHOLESALERS and RETAILERS.

  • EDITING: The process of preparing text used to convey information. The process involves oversight and correction during PROOFREADING, and many other modifications performed with an intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate and complete work.

  • EDITOR: A person who works for a publishing company, commissioning or preparing material for publication. The editor is responsible for and determines the final content of a text. In a large publishing company, editorial responsibilities are divided among distinct positions such as acquisitions editor, developmental editor, COPY EDITOR, production editor, and technical editor. In smaller publishing companies, one person called may fulfill several editorial roles.

  • ENDBAND: Consists of a small cord or strip of material affixed near the spine to provide structural reinforcement and decorative effect. An endband along the top edge of the book (as a book is standing upright) is called a HEADBAND, and one along the bottom edge is called a TAILBAND. An endband, more so the headband, helps to resist the strain placed on the book when shelved upright with the spine facing outward, especially as it is common to pull a book out by hooking a finger over the top edge of the spine. Endbands are tightly sewn to the sections of the book where it can support the weight of the pages.  Available in a variety of color combinations to compliment nearly any book design, these headbands are closed weave, medium finish style.

  • ENDSHEET: Four pages each at the beginning and end of a case bound book, one leaf of each being solidly pasted against the inside board of the case. Stock is stronger and heavier than text stock; may be white or colored stock, printed or unprinted. Also called Endpapers, Endleaves or Lining Papers.

F

  • FABRIKOID: A pyroxylin-coated cotton fabric and is water-resistant, wash-resistant, with low permeability to air, oils, and greases. Derives strength in the fact that the resin is impregnated rather than coated on the surface of the fabric.

  • FLAT BACK: A binding on which the spine (back) is not rounded.

  • FLEXIBLE SOFT COVER: A medium, flexible core for a bendable cover, rather than stiff like a HARDCOVER. Softcovers are pyroxylin-coated cotton fabric and are water-resistant, wash-resistant, with low permeability to air, oils, and greases. Softcover binding derives strength in the fact that the resin is impregnated rather than coated on the surface of the fabric. See FABRIKOID, IMITATION LEATHER and genuine LEATHER.

  • FOIL: Tissue-thin material with gold, white, or black metal or pigment that is pressed onto the spine of a book with a heated die for the title information. Additional colors are available.

  • FOOTER: The lower margin which includes lines of type that run below the text, and include the page numbers. 

  • FOOTNOTE: A note at the bottom of a page and set within the text area in a smaller TYPE SIZE than the text, being a reference, authority, translation, or explanation of text appearing on the same page.

  • FRONT MATTER: The first pages of a book preceding the text, sometimes not numbered; sometimes numbered with lowercase Roman numerals. Front matter includes the HALF TITLE page, TITLE PAGE, COPYRIGHT, a TABLE OF CONTENTS, and the PREFACE.

G

  • GILDING: The decorative application of coloring to the outside edges of the BOOK BLOCK. It is added by applying a light adhesive sizing, then a gold or silver foil sheet is laid on the edge of the pages and melted into the pages with a hot roller, and repeated.

  • GLAZES: Genuine Cowhide Leather cover with a high gloss or polished finish. A thick, durable, full grain aniline drum-dried leather that is soft and luxurious, very earthy, and rustic with a wonderful feel.  Available in a variety of colors.

  • GLOSS, GLOSSY: A finish available on LAMINATE HARDBACK covers with COATINGS such as varnishes (in contrast with MATTE).

  • GUTTER, GUTTER MARGIN: In dual-column composition, the blank space between columns on a page, and the blank inside margins at the binding edge where pages come together, but do not include text.

H

  • HALF TITLE: The first page of the FRONT MATTER, which includes the text “Holy Bible”.

  • HARDCOVER: Made when the cover is glued to a cloth-covered book board. The title, version, and publisher names are stamped on the SPINE. Can be CASE LAMINATE or BUCKRAM.

  • HEADBAND: Part of the ENDBANDS, a decorative and structural strip of silk or cotton at the top of a HARDCOVER and LEATHER Bibles which provides a finishing touch on case bound books. Fill the gap between the spine and the cover. See TAILBAND and ENDBAND

  • HEADER: The upper margin with a line of type running above the text for the PREFACE title or individual Bible book title.

I

  • IMITATION LEATHER: Imitation leather is a cloth with different leather grains. It’s slightly thinner than Buckram, but still durable and washable. Not a bonded leather.

  • ISBN: International Standard Book Number, the identifier for a particular title, printed on the COPYRIGHT page and on the back of the CASE LAMINATE editions required by WHOLESALERS and RETAILERS.

  • ITALICS: The style of letters that slope forward in distinction from standard upright letters. In website and PREFACE material, italicized words are used for words requiring emphasis. Within Refreshed ASV text, italicized words indicate they have been added by the American Revision Committee in the production of the ASV 1901.

J

  • JUSTIFY: Text copy composition with spacing adjusted between words so that each line is flush, or aligned, with both left and right margins.

K

  • KIDSKIN: A smoother, finer textured goat leather than cowhide.

L

  • LAMINATE: A thin plastic film in both MATTE and GLOSS applications is applied to the outside cover of a book to protect the surface from fingerprints and moisture and enhance the appearance. Also see COATING.

  • LARGE PRINT: 12-POINT type (or equivalent between font families), large enough for comfortable use by readers who desire a larger type than the 10-POINT used in the STANDARD PRINT edition as equivalent to the ASV 1901 published by Thomas Nelson & Sons.

  • LEATHER: A durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhide and skins. The most common raw material is cattle hide. It can be produced at manufacturing scales ranging in scale from modern industrial to artisan.

  • LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: Identifies the catalog card record created for a book by the Library of Congress.

  • LINING: The material which is pasted down on the backbone (spine) of a book to be case bound, after it has been sewn, glued off and rounded, which reinforces the glue and helps secure the binding.

  • LONG RUN: A print run in excess of 10,000 copies.

M

  • MARGINS: Unprinted space between the text and the edge of the paper. See GUTTER, HEADER, FOOTER, DITCH.

  • MATTE: A dull finish, without GLOSS or luster. Papers and COATINGS can also be matte or gloss.

  • MOBI: A proprietary format to Amazon and accessible via a Kindle device and/or the cross-platform Kindle app.

N

  • NAME ON FRONT COVER: Personalized name foil stamped in the lower, front, right corner with the same color used on the spine.

P

  • PAPER STOCK: The paper used by the printer to produce the Refreshed ASV print editions.  

  • PDF (PORTABLE DOCUMENT FORMAT): A DIGITAL document format and Refreshed ASV to be quickly downloaded in its entirety, reviewed at any time, and even printed with a desktop printer.

  • PERIMETER STITCHING: Hand perimeter stitching around the inside edge some leather covers

  • PERMISSION: Written clearance for publication of material from the owner of the relevant rights, in this case Providence Press LLC.

  • PERSONALIZATION: The custom imprint of a name foil stamped in the lower, front, right corner.  

  • PIGSKIN: A durable LEATHER which is slightly thinner than COWHIDE.

  • POD: See PRINT-ON-DEMAND

  • POINT: A printer’s unit of measurement, used principally for designating type sizes. There are 12 points to a pica; approximately 72 points to an inch.

  • PPI (PAGES-PER-INCH): The number of pages contained in a one inch stack of PAPER STOCK a book is printed on and thus the thickness of the book’s SPINE. Each paper stock will have a different PPI. The higher the number, the more pages are bound together per inch, and thus the thinner the spine. PPI is therefore used with spine width to distinguish between various paper stock. Depending on the edition of the Refreshed ASV, the RETAIL editions, and the editions exclusive to RASV.org, are available in either 512 PPI and 909 PPI.

  • PREFACE: The PUBLISHER’S introduction to the book contained in the FRONT MATTER, explaining what inspired, and in some cases what governs the philosophy of the publication.

  • PRINT-ON-DEMAND (POD): The process of printing a single book on a DIGITAL press when purchased.

  • PROOFREADING: Checking a manuscript for typographical and other format-specific errors which could be experienced by either digital or print editions.

  • PUBLISHER: One who makes a business of publishing books, in this case the Refreshed ASV.

  • PUR: Polyurethane Reactive (PUR) is the strongest, most durable bookbinding adhesive available and is extremely good binding while retaining affordability. It lasts longer and stands up to extreme temperatures better than ordinary hot-melt (EVA) and cold-emulsion (PVA) adhesives. PUR is very flexible and results in a LAY FLAT book.

R

  • RETAILER: Our global distribution network includes over 40,000 retailers and spans the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, China, India, Russia, South Korea, and Brazil. Available in independent bookstores, online stores, chain stores, libraries and universities, including Abe Books, Adlibris, Agapea, Amazon, ALS, Aphrohead, Barnes & Noble, Bertrams,  Better World Books, Blackwell, Book Depository International, Book Repository, Books Express, Booktopia, Chapters/Indigo, Coutts Information Services, Designarta Books, Eden Interactive, Fishpond, Foyles, Gardners, James Bennett,  Mallory International, Paperback Shop, Peter Pal, Target, The Book Community, Trust Media Distribution, Walmart, Waterstones, Wrap Distribution, and many more around the world. Worldwide eBook retailers include: 24Symbols, Amazon Kindle, Apple Books, Barnes & Noble Nook, Bibliotech Education,  Bookmate, BookShout, Booktopia, eBooks.com, Hummingbird DM, ITSI Education UK, Libreka, Libri, LIX, Kobo, RedShelf, SpoonRead, VitalSource, Walmart eBooks, and Wook.

  • RIBBON: A thin marker made of silk or cotton, available in several colors, sewn into the binding which retains one or more locations within the text.

  • RIBS: Raised horizontal bands on the spine which separate title areas.

  • ROUNDING & BACKING: The optional processes of rounding gives books a convex spine and a concave fore edge. The process of backing makes the spine wider than the rest thus providing a shoulder against which the boards of the front and back covers fit.

S

  • SHORT RUN: A print press run from 200 to 2000 copies.

  • SKIVER: A medium texture somewhere in between Morocco and Antique. Grain has appearance of horizontal waves.

  • SOFT COVER: A medium, flexible core for a bendable cover, rather than stiff like a HARDCOVER. Softcovers are pyroxylin-coated cotton fabric and are water-resistant, wash-resistant, with low permeability to air, oils, and greases. Softcover binding derives strength in the fact that the resin is impregnated rather than coated on the surface of the fabric. See FABRIKOID, IMITATION LEATHER and genuine LEATHER.

  • SMYTH SEWING: Securing signatures together with thread linked by stitching on the back of the fold and through the center fold of each signature, permitting the book to open flat.

  • SPINE: The back of a bound book connecting the two covers. The thickness of the cover stock and the bulk of the BOOK BLOCK, as determined by the PPI, determine the width of the spine.

  • SPREAD: The facing pages of an open book.

  • STAINING (EDGE): Coloring the outside edges of the BOOK BLOCK, and is accomplished by leather artisans using a soft cotton cloth with dye.

  • STAMPING: Transferring an impression from a die by the application of heat and pressure; used to decorate spines and optionally, front covers. Done with the addition of a foil that is transferred from a carrier membrane to a cover.

  • STANDARD PRINT: 10-POINT type (or equivalent between font families), as an equivalent to the ASV 1901 published by Thomas Nelson & Sons.

T

  • TABLE OF CONTENTS: Part of the FRONT MATTER, a list the order and page number of the Preface, Old Testament, and New Testament.

  • TAILBAND/HEADBAND: A decorative element which provides a finishing touch on case bound books. Available in a wide variety of color combinations to compliment nearly any book design, these headbands are closed weave, medium finish style. See ENDBAND.

  • TITLE PAGE: Part of the FRONT MATTER, a right-hand page, stating the title and publisher.

  • TRADEMARK: A legally recognized type of intellectual property consisting of a recognizable sign, design, or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others.

  • TRIM, TRIM SIZE: The finished size of a book after BINDING and available in a limited number of industry sizes, e.g. 6 x 9. Unconventional trims and binding increase the cost of book manufacture.

  • TYPE SIZE: The size of characters in type is described in POINTS, although letters called the same size will not necessarily be the same size in different FONTS.

V

  • VELLUM: Lighter weight book cloth, with the look of linen, in a variety of solid matte colors.

Y

  • YAPP: The fore edges of front and rear leather covers which extend beyond the front and back of the Bible to fold over the pages of the BOOK BLOCK.